Seberang Perai Utara

Seberang Perai Utara is the northernmost district in mainland Penang. It is a low-lying plain traversed by many small rivers running from the hills in the east towards the coast in the west. The longest river is the Muda River, with other significant rivers being the Tembus River, Lahar Endin River, and Abdul River further south.

Northern Seberang Perai has been settled by human communities for over five thousand years. From prehistoric times to present day, residents have displayed an interdependent and dynamic relationship with their environment. Natural resources such as rivers, mangroves, alluvial plains, and the sea remain the main source of livelihood for rural  populations. Fishing, paddy farming, and a traditional way of life are still practised in smaller villages, while in the towns, occupations and lifestyles have changed significantly.